|
Campus sexual assault is the sexual assault of a student attending an institute of higher learning, such as a college or university, though less than 40% of reported incidents occur on campus property.〔 Sexual assault for higher education students occurs more frequently against women, but any gender can be affected. All ethnicities and social classes are affected. Many victims completely or partially blame themselves for the assault, or are embarrassed which may lead to underreporting. As remarked in one study, "Women generally do not report their victimization, in part because of self-blame or embarrassment." According to other research, "myths, stereotypes, and unfounded beliefs about male sexuality, in particular male homosexuality" contribute to underreporting among males. In addition, "male sexual assault victims have fewer resources and greater stigma than do female sexual assault victims." While the rate of violent crime against students aged 18–24 in the United States declined significantly from 1995 to 2002, the rates of rape and other sexual assault largely remained unchanged. Prevalence and incidence estimates vary based on methodology. A study by the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics has indicated that 6.1 incidents of sexual assault per 1000 female students (0.61%) occur annually in the U.S. A National Institute of Justice funded survey of two universities estimated that 19% of women and 6.1% of men had been victims of at least one completed or attempted sexual assault since entering college.〔 ==Prevalence and incidence of rape and other sexual assault== The majority of rape and other sexual assault victims do not report their attacks to law enforcement. As a result, sources that rely on police reports, such as the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports, tend to significantly underestimate the number of rapes and sexual assaults in a given year. Researchers rely instead on victimization surveys to measure rape and sexual assault in order to assess the scope of sexual violence victimization. Results of surveys measures of the prevalence and incidence of rape and sexual assault among college students offer widely disparate estimates of its prevalence. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) has estimated an annual prevalence rate as low as 0.43% in 2013 for all sexual assaults of women, with attempted or completed rape at approximately 0.35%.〔 Other research creates estimates ranging anywhere from 10%〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= The Campus Sexual Assault Survey )〕 to as many as 29% of women having been victims of rape or attempted rape since starting college. Methodological differences, such as the method of survey administration, the definition of "rape" used, the wording of questions, and the time period studied contribute to these disparities.〔 There is currently no consensus on the best way to measure rape and sexual assault.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Campus sexual assault」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|